Excel exposes itself as a tree of objects: Application holds Workbooks, each holds Worksheets, each holds Ranges. Dots walk down the tree, and each object has properties (values) and methods (actions).

Code

Application.Workbooks("Model.xlsx").Worksheets("Data").Range("A1")

• Full path

  Application.Workbooks("Model.xlsx").Worksheets("Data").Range("A1") → A fully qualified cell

  Explicit at every level.

• A property

  ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("Data").Range("A1").Value = 1 → Sets a value with an explicit sheet

  Value is a property.

• A method

  ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("Data").Range("A1:C10").ClearContents → Runs an action

  ClearContents is a method.

• Press F2 in the editor for the Object Browser, which lists every object and member.
• Qualify ranges with a sheet; unqualified Range means the active sheet.
• Charts, PivotTables, Names, and Shapes are collections on a worksheet.

• Unqualified Range("A1") reads the active sheet, which changes as the user clicks.
• Some members are properties that return objects (Range returns a Range), which needs Set.