Excel like a finance pro.
The functions, VBA, and shortcuts a finance operator actually uses — curated, with CFO examples. Prefer them pre-built? Grab a ready-made model.
Essential functions
Each one has its own page — what it is, a live demo, common errors, and better alternatives.
Lookups & references
The modern lookup — find a value and return another, in any direction, with a clean not-found fallback.
=XLOOKUP("4100", Codes, Names, "Not found")The everyday lookup — find a value in the first column and return one to its right.
=VLOOKUP("4100", A2:B4, 2, FALSE)The classic two-step lookup — works left or right and across two dimensions.
=INDEX(Revenue, MATCH(A2, Month, 0))The two-way lookup — cross a row label and a column label to pull one cell.
=INDEX(B2:D4, MATCH("East", A2:A4, 0), MATCH("Q2", B1:D1, 0))The horizontal lookup — find a value in the top row and return one below it.
=HLOOKUP("Q2", A1:E3, 2, FALSE)Logic & error handling
Return different results by condition — IFS avoids nested IFs.
=IFS(B2>0,"Profit", B2=0,"Breakeven", TRUE,"Loss")Match one value against a list of cases — cleaner than a stack of nested IFs.
=SWITCH(B2, 1,"Open", 2,"Paid", 3,"Void", "Unknown")Aggregation
Sum amounts that match several conditions — the workhorse of P&L roll-ups.
=SUMIFS(Amount, Account, "Revenue", Month, $B$1)Average the values that match several conditions — the mean sibling of SUMIFS.
=AVERAGEIFS(Amount, Stage, "Won")The smallest or largest value that meets your conditions.
=MAXIFS(Balance, Customer, "Acme", Status, "Open")Multiply arrays element-by-element, then sum — weighted averages and conditional math.
=SUMPRODUCT(Units, Price) / SUM(Units)Math & rounding
Round a number to a set number of digits — control the pennies before they compound.
=ROUND(B2, 2)Dates
Dynamic arrays (Microsoft 365)
Return the rows that meet a condition as a live, spilling result.
=FILTER(GL, Account="Revenue", "None")Finance
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